hardened vs tempered what difference

what is difference between hardened and tempered

English

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈhɑɹdn̩d/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈhɑːdn̩d/
• Hyphenation: hard‧ened

Verb

hardened

1. simple past tense and past participle of harden

Adjective

hardened (comparative more hardened, superlative most hardened)

1. Unfeeling or lacking emotion due to experience; callous.

   The bloody scene could reduce even the most hardened soldier to tears.

2. Firmly established or unlikely to change; inveterate.
3. (computing, military) Having extra defences against attack; highly fortified.

   a hardened air base

   a hardened server

Derived terms

• battle-hardened
• radiation-hardened
• unhardened

Translations

Anagrams

• adherend, deharden

English

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Middle English tempred, itempered, ytempred, ytemprid, from Old English ġetemprod (“tempered, moderate, goverened, cured”), past participle of Old English ġetemprian (“to temper, moderate, govern, cure”), equivalent to temper +‎ -ed.

Adjective

tempered (not comparable)

1. (in combination) Having a specified disposition or temper.
   • 1851, Nathaniel Hawthorne, The House of the Seven Gables, Chapter 19.

     The Pyncheon Elm, throughout its great circumference, was all alive, and full of the morning sun and a sweet-tempered little breeze, which lingered within this verdant sphere, and set a thousand leafy tongues a-whispering all at once. This aged tree appeared to have suffered nothing from the gale.

2. Pertaining to the metallurgical process for finishing metals.
   • 1851, Herman Melville, Moby Dick.

     “Not forged!” and snatching Perth’s levelled iron from the crotch, Ahab held it out, exclaiming — “Look ye, Nantucketer; here in this hand I hold his death! Tempered in blood, and tempered by lightning are these barbs; and I swear to temper them triply in that hot place behind the fin, where the white whale most feels his accursed life!”

3. Pertaining to the industrial process for toughening glass, or to such toughened glass.
4. Moderated or balanced by other considerations.
   • 1792, Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman.

     The downcast eye, the rosy blush, the retiring grace, are all proper in their season; but modesty, being the child of reason, cannot long exist with the sensibility that is not tempered by reflection.

5. (music) Pertaining to the well-tempered scale, where the twelve notes per octave of the standard keyboard are tuned in such a way that it is possible to play music in any major or minor key and it will not sound perceptibly out of tune.

Synonyms

• See also Thesaurus:moderate

Antonyms

• untempered

Derived terms

• temperedness

Translations

Etymology 2

Partly from Middle English temperd, temprede, from Old English temprode, first and third person singular preterit of Old English temprian; and partly from Middle English tempred, i-tempred, from Old English ġetemprod. Equivalent to temper +‎ -ed.

Verb

tempered

1. simple past tense and past participle of temper

See also

• bad-tempered
• even-tempered
• good-tempered
• hot-tempered
• short-tempered
• well-tempered

Anagrams

• detrempe, détrempe

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